Primitive Reflexes

What is primitive reflexes? How are primitive reflexes tied to Occupational Therapy?

Primitive Reflexes are adaptive responses that develop during the neonatal period and integrate over time as the brain matures.

Primitive reflexes are automatic movements that are controlled by the brainstem and require no conscious thought. Early primitive reflex movements pave the patterns of neural networks and myelination of brain pathways. These allow connections between various areas of the brain important for learning, behavior, communication, and social-emotional skills. This reflex integration is part of the maturing of the central nervous system (CNS).

In addition, the presence and strength of primitive reflexes in infancy can be a helpful indicator of nervous system development. If a primitive reflex remains active causing a child to skip a step in the developmental ladder, this is referred to as a “retained primitive reflex.” When primitive reflexes are retained, they impair the maturation of voluntary, postural reflexes that contribute to higher development and learning.

Consequently, this puts a child at more risk for challenges with social emotional, academic, sensory, behavioral, and motor skills.